The effect of eye position on auditory lateralization

The present study examines whether the direction of gaze can influence sound lateralization. For this purpose, dichotic stimuli with variable interaural level difference (ILD) were presented under different conditions of visual fixation. In experiment 1, subjects with their head fixed directed their gaze to a given target, simultaneously adjusting the ILD of continuous pure tone or noise stimuli so that their location was perceived in the median plane of the head. The auditory adjustments were significantly correlated with gaze direction. During eccentric fixation, the psychophysical adjustments to the median plane shifted slightly toward the direction of gaze. The magnitude of the shift was about 1–3 dB, over a range of fixation angles of 45° to either side. The eye position effect, measured as a function of pure-tone frequency, was most pronounced at 2 kHz and showed a tendency to decrease at lower and higher frequencies. The effect still occurred, although weaker, even when the eyes were directed to eccentric positions in darkness and without a fixation target. In experiment 2, the adjustment method was replaced by a two-alternative forced-choice method. Subjects judged whether sound bursts, presented with variable ILDs, were perceived on the left or right of the median plane during fixation of targets in various directions. Corresponding to experiment 1, the psychometric functions shifted significantly with gaze direction. However, the shift was only about half as large as that found in experiment 1. The shift of the subjective auditory median plane in the direction of eccentric gaze, observed in both experiments, indicates that dichotic sound is localized slightly to the opposite side, i.e., to the left when the gaze is directed to the right and vice versa. The effect may be related to auditory neurons which exhibit spatially selective receptive fields that shift with eye position.     

山东省基层医疗机构基本检验设备国产化现状

目的 调查山东省基层医疗机构检验科4种基本检验设备的配置现状,为国产设备的推广提供依据。 方法 采用分层随机抽样调查的方法,对山东省48家区、县级医院检验科的生化分析仪、血液细胞分析仪、尿液分析仪和化学发光测定仪4种仪器的配置及使用现状进行问卷调查。资料使用 EPIDATA 3.0进行录入,使用SPSS 19.0进行数据分析。 结果 4类设备的国产化比例在不同级别医院之间存在差异,设备产地来源对血液细胞分析仪(P=0.047)、尿液分析仪(P=0.028)和化学发光测定仪(P=0.004)3类设备的价格造成的差异有统计学意义;进口设备超期使用比例高于国产设备,基层医院对国产设备存在一定的未来需求。 结论 国产检验设备可以满足基层医疗机构的基本医疗需求,国家应当加大对国产医疗设备厂家的扶持力度,鼓励基层医院优先购置国产检验设备,提高我国国产医疗设备的市场占有率。     

精浆聚集素在大鼠体内分布的免疫组织化学研究

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法对精浆聚集素（ＳＣ）在大鼠体内分布进行了研究。结果表明，ＳＣ在附睾的分布因区域不同而异，附睾头起始段上皮无ＳＣ免疫反应性，自中段至附睾体的上皮细胞则表现为强ＳＣ免疫反应性；在附睾尾阳性反应物质主要集中在管腔内精子和上皮表面静纤毛，而胞质顶部仅显示少量ＳＣ反应物。在肾远曲小管上皮细胞、上肠绒毛上皮的杯状细胞以及间质中巨噬细胞，肝血窦的星状细胞、脾白髓中巨噬细胞、肺间质中的巨噬细     

大鼠胚胎视网膜节细胞神经诱向因子及其受体的免疫组织化学定位及原位定量研究

用视网膜节细胞神经诱向因子(RGNTF)单克隆抗体及RGNTF抗独特型单克隆抗体对大鼠胚胎16～18d眼球切片进行了免疫组织化学定位及定量研究。结果表明,鼠胚视网膜节细胞的RGNTF含量从胚16～20d非常显著地减少(P<0.01),RGNTF受体的数量从胚16d到18d显著增加(P<0.05),从胚18d到20d又非常显著减少(P<0.01)。以上提示,16～18d的鼠胚视网膜节细胞既含大量RGNTF,又有大量RGNTF的受体,RGNTF对胚胎视网膜节细胞的存活及分化可能有自调节功能。20d的鼠胚视网膜节细胞的RGNTF及其受体都非常显著减少,提示节细胞在形态上分化完成后,其对RGNTF的自分泌立即显著降低,这可能是节细胞自然死亡的主要原因。     

A quantitative method for thein vitro study of sounds produced by prosthetic aortic heart valves Part II: an experimental,comparative study of the sounds produced by a normal and simulated-abnormal Starr-Edwards series 2400 aortic prosthesis

A comparative study was made of the sounds produced by a normal Starr-Edwards 2400 aortic valve prosthesis with those produced by the same valve but having a simulated overgrowth at the apex of the struts. Comparisons were made over the entire cardiac cycle for time and amplitude, power-density spectra, power-distribution spectra, power-distribution surfaces associated with individual valves, and three-dimensional power-distribution-difference surface. Power-density spectra were compared for portions of the cycle corresponding to the opening, systolic, and closing sounds of the valve. Physical parameters of an acoustical model were estimated from the power-density spectra. The results showed that each comparison gave information pertinent to the simulated malfunction. Opening. systolic and closing sounds, respectively, were different for each valve. The opening sound of the abnormal valve displayed a much lower frequency. Systolic sounds for the two valves were similar in frequency, but the normal valve produced more total power for this sound. The closing sound of the abnormal valve occurred later than that of the normal valve. These differences were more clearly seen when viewed in the frequency domain.     

额叶脑回的横断层定位

目的:在横切面上利用髓突对成人端脑额叶脑回进行影像学定位.方法:取20例正常成人尸头标本,作层厚6mm之横切脑片,选取其中典型层面,观察分析额上、中、下回所对应髓突的方向、数目等特征形态.结果:各切面.各脑回所对应髓突为1～2支;时针12-12点半方向髓突所对应脑回是额上回;时针12点半-1点(左)及10点半-11点半(右)方向髓突所对应脑回是额中回;时针2-3点(左)及9-11点(右)方向髓突所对应脑回是额下回.结论:额上、中、下回与髓突之间有对应规律可寻,影像学上可以通过髓突定位额上、中、下回.     

Techniques Used to Localize Occult Breast Lesions: An Update

With breast cancer screening programs becoming more available worldwide and covering larger age ranges, the prevalence of impalpable breast pathology is increasing. Whilst there is a ‘tried and tested’ technique for localizing occult lesions, the market for alternative methods is increasing and is estimated to pass $1 billion by 2024. In this article, we review the techniques currently available for localization of occult breast lesions and discuss the pros and cons of each.     

MC5免疫组织化学在大肠癌中的定位诊断研究

目的 研究免疫组织化学法检测MC5在大肠癌定位诊断中的意义.方法 选取2014年1月至2015年2月在我校附属医院病理科存档的确诊为大肠癌的蜡块标本102例及内镜中心活检病理为正常粘膜的40例,通过免疫组化法检测102例大肠癌和40例正常人群粘膜的MC5表达水平,研究其在大肠癌早期定位诊断中的价值.结果 40例正常人群的粘膜MC5表达均为阴性,102例大肠癌患者的MC5阳性表达率为89.21％(91/102),且定位于胞浆和胞膜,在癌旁正常组织中MC5阳性表达率为37.25％(38/102),两者相较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在35例高分化癌中,表达结果为-的7例,+的20例,++的4例,+++的4例;在28例中分化癌中,表达结果为-的4例,+的4例,++的17例,+++的3例;在39例低分化癌中,表达结果为-的0例,+的6例,++的2例,+++的31例;MC5表达水平与大肠癌的分化程度呈负相关,MC5表达水平随着分化程度的上升而下降.结论 MC5在大肠癌中呈阳性表达,具有一定的特异性,且分化程度越低表达水平越高,可作为大肠癌早期定位诊断的指标之一.     

Early use of orthographic information in spoken word recognition: Event‐related potential evidence from the Korean language

This study examines whether orthographic information is used during prelexical processes in spoken word recognition by investigating ERPs during spoken word processing for Korean words. Differential effects due to orthographic syllable neighborhood size and sound‐to‐spelling consistency on P200 and N320 were evaluated by recording ERPs from 42 participants during a lexical decision task. The results indicate that P200 was smaller for words whose orthographic syllable neighbors are large in number rather than those that are small. In addition, a word with a large orthographic syllable neighborhood elicited a smaller N320 effect than a word with a small orthographic syllable neighborhood only when the word had inconsistent sound‐to‐spelling mapping. The results provide support for the assumption that orthographic information is used early during the prelexical spoken word recognition process.